I'll try to put this in Laymen's terms as much as possible. I will not go into hand calculating as it is tedious and the tables are too much to copy here. To hand calculate purchase a copy of the Loudspeaker Cookbook. I use the calculator on Car Stereo's site as it is close to doing it by hand. http://www.carstereo.com/help/Articles.cfm?id=27 The reference for the following in formation: Vance Dickason, "Loudspeaker Design Cookbook 7th Edition," Audio Amateur Press,2006. DEFINITIONS. A sealed rear chamber bandpass enclosure is basically a closed-box system with the addition of an acoustic filter in series with the front radiation of the driver. TERMS. fb = tuning frequency of front chamber vent fl = f3 of low frequency rolloff fh = f3 of high frequency rolloff Lv = vent length Qbp = q of bandpass rear chamber R = vent radius S = passband ripple (variation in magnitude response / boost in output) Vf = volume of front chamber Vr = volume of rear chamber Vt = total volume of both chambers WOOFER SELECTION. Drivers with higher Qts normally yield lower f3 rolloffs. If it works well in a sealed box it should work well in 4th order bandpass Using the terms form the cookbook I'll walk through how to use the calculator on carstereo. 1. number of drivers. simple input the number of subs you are using. 2. Isobaric or not? This set up will not be isobaric. 3.enter parameters of the driver. I'll be using the Ethos 15. Qts = .64 Vas = 95.9 liters / 3.386 cubic feet fs = 25.78 4. choose an "s" factor The "s" or ripple factor is a ripple or a peak or valley shown in the passband between the low and high roll off. When you model a sub and the line isn't straight and it dips or is raised this is ripple or "S" factor. A factor of .7 will have a flatter response than .6 and .5. "S" factor is also an indicator of transient response and passband. A "S" factor of .5 will have a degraded transient response than .7 however will have a larger passband, but will normally require a smaller box. As always the triangle applies. You won't have a small box with a large passband and tight response. For now we will choose a S factor of .7 5. choose fl or lower roll off. EVERYONE likes the lows so let's choose 20 hz 6. Hit calculate and see what you get. We get: Vf = 2.718 Vr = 7.123 (wow really big this won't fit) Qbp .78 (normally we would worry about the system Q when modeling by hand. It's the second thing you look at after S factor. Qbp is an indicator of sensitivity and normally you want a sensitivity of zero but the calculator calculates sensitivity automatically so Qbp isn't a biggie to worry about. BUT just like in a sealed box normally a total Q of around .7 is what most people prefer) fb = 31.31 hz passband = 20-49 hz (high f3 is a bit low, id like to at least play up into the 60's) gain = 3.39 (this is pretty good. you don't want to go much higher than 3 db. The higher the sensitivity the less power the sub will need and you might run into mechanical failure if you are not careful) 7. This box will definantly not fit. Since we know "s" factor affects box size let's choose a factor of .6 We recalculate and get the following Vf = 1.997 Vr = 4.451 Qbp .85 fb = 34.21 hz passband = 20-58.51 hz (high f3 is still a bit low) gain = .76 (still in good range ) so, now box is a good bit smaller and will fit in my car BUT I want a higher fH. 8. lets choose a s factor of .5 since we now know "S" factor effects volume and we get: Vf = 1.387 Vr = 2.963 (awsome box is even smaller) Qbp .94 fb = 37.74 hz passband = 20-71.21 hz (high f3 is now where I want it) gain = negative 2.61 (wow this box will be down almost 3 db in its passband ) Since we know "s" factor affects box volume and passband and those are good lets change the low rolloff and see if it'll fix the sensitivity. 9. lets set it to 25hz. I think that'll be low enough and we get: Vf = 1.387 (see we used the same s factor and it remained the same) Vr = 1.814 Qbp .1.08 fb = 43.65 hz passband = 25-76.21 hz (high f3 is a bit high but I'll use the filter on the amp to bring this down a bit. gain = 3.21 This looks like it'll be the best compromise. Small enough box to fit in my car, passband is pretty good for the sub stage, and the gain is not too high that i'm gonna have to worry about damaging my sub.